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Description:
Arnold J. Toynbee-"Civilization On Trial"-1948-Oxford University Press-5 1/2" X 8 1/2"-261 pages-hardcover book-Signed By Author.Arnold Joseph Toynbee CH (April 14, 1889 - October 22, 1975) was a British historian whose twelve-volume analysis of the rise and fall of civilizations, A Study of History, 1934-1961, was a synthesis of world history, a metahistory based on universal rhythms of rise, flowering and decline, which examined history from a global perspective. Toynbee's ideas and approach to history may be compared to those used by Oswald Spengler in The Decline of the West. He rejected, however, Spengler's deterministic view that civilizations rise and fall according to a natural and inevitable cycle. Toynbee presented history as the rise and fall of civilizations, rather than the history of nation-states or of ethnic groups. He identified his civilizations according to cultural rather than national criteria. Thus, the "Western Civilization", comprising all the nations that have existed in Western Europe since the collapse of the Roman Empire, was treated as a whole, and distinguished from both the "Orthodox" civilization of Russia and the Balkans, and from the Greco-Roman civilization that preceded it.The book has been autographed on the title page by Arnold J. Toynbee with a fountain pen in black......BOTH BOOK AND AUTOGRAPH ARE IN VERY GOOD CONDITION........................
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