State of Louisiana Bond 1842 - signed by Governor

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Description: Beautifully engraved RARE certificate from the State of Louisiana issued in 1842. This historic document has an ornate border around it with a vignette of an eagle holding a laurel wreath. This item is hand signed by the State's Governor, Andre Bienvenu Roman and its Treasurer, F. Gardner. This historical document is over 159 years old. The bond was issued to "...revive the Charters of the several banks located in the City of New Orleans..." Andre Bienvenu Roman Born: March 5, 1795 in Opelousas District, Louisiana Political Affiliation: Whig Religious Affiliation: Catholic Education: St. Mary's College (Maryland) Career Prior to Term: State Representative and Speaker of the Louisiana House How He Became Governor: Elected in 1831 and 1838 Career after Term: Delegate to the State Constitutional Conventions of 1845 and 1852; Served in the Louisiana Secession Convention of 1861 (opposed secession). Died: January 26, 1866 in New Orleans Andre Roman became governor by appointment after Jacques Dupre resigned before completing the term left open by Pierre Derbigny's death in office and Arnaud Beauvais's resignation. That succession crisis was solved by a special election in which Roman had no opposition. He was Governor from 1831 to 1835 and 1839 to 1843. Roman was the first Governor of Louisiana to use his membership in a national political party - in his case, the Whigs - to determine executive actions. He appointed fellow Whigs to state positions and he supported a protective tariff which was appreciated by south Louisiana sugar planters. The Pontchartrain Railroad and the New Basin Canal from Lake Pontchartrain into the heart of New Orleans eased transportation problems. During Roman's first term, Louisiana experienced years of economic growth as the number of banks doubled and capital increased. His second term followed the Panic of 1837 which had been caused by an overexpansion of banks. Farmers, planters and merchants lost their enterprises, deposits dwindled and a depression settled into the state, relieved only by new banking laws passed at the end of Roman's term. Roman opposed secession in the Secession Convention of 1861 and was ruined financially by the Civil War. He died in 1866 while walking on Dumaine Street in New Orleans. He is buried on the family estate in St. James Parish. No other state has a more varied or colorful past than Louisiana. The state has been governed under 10 different flags beginning in 1541 with Hernando de Soto's claim of the region for Spain. La Salle later claimed it for Bourbon France and over the years Louisiana was at one time or another subject to the Union Jack of Great Britain, the Tricolor of Napoleon, the Lone Star flag of the Republic of West Florida and the fifteen stars and stripes of the United States. At the outbreak of the Civil War, Louisiana became an independent republic for six weeks before joining the Confederacy. Earlier, in 1803, Louisiana had become a part of the United States because of the region's importance to the trade and security of the American mid-west. New Orleans and the surrounding territory controlled the mouth of the Mississippi River down which much of the produce of the mid-west travelled to reach market. To get the vital region in American hands, President Thomas Jefferson negotiated the Louisiana Purchase with Napoleon. With the acquisition of Louisiana, Jefferson nearly doubled the size of the fledgling U.S. and made it a world power. Later, 13 states or parts of states were carved out of the Louisiana Purchase territory. Through much of its early history Louisiana was a trading and financial center, and the fertility of its land made it one of the richest regions in America as first indigo then sugar and cotton rose to prominence in world markets. Many Louisiana planters were among the wealthiest men in America. The plantation economy was shattered by the Civil War although the state continued to be a powerful agricultural region. The discovery of sulphur in 1869 and oil in 1901, coupled with the rise of forestry sent the state on a new wave of economic growth. Eventually, Louisiana became a major American producer of oil and natural gas and a center of petroleum refining and petrochemicals manufacturing, which it remains to this day. Important Dates In Louisiana History 1519 Alvarez de Pindea discovers mouth of the Mississippi 1541-42 Hernando de Soto discovers the Mississippi River 1682 Robert Cavalier, Sieur de la Salle, erects a cross at the mouth of the Mississippi River after descending the river from the Great Lakes and claims the territory for Louis XIV of France, for whom Louisiana is named. 1715 Louis Juchereau de St. Denis establishes Fort St. Jean Baptiste (Natchitoches), first permanent settlement in the Mississippi Valley 1718 New Orleans is founded and named for Phillippe Duc D'Orleans 1718 The St. Louis Cathedral in New Orleans is built, the oldest in the United States 1723 New Orleans becomes the capital of Louisiana, superseding Biloxi 1735 Jean Louis, a sailor, leaves his savings to establish the first charity hospital in New Orleans 1751 Sugar cane is first introduced into Louisiana 1762 Louis XV gives the "Island of New Orleans" and all of Louisiana west of the Mississippi to his cousin, Charles III of Spain 1763 Treaty of Paris ends Seven Years' War and confirms transfer of Louisiana to Spain. Florida Parishes ceded to England with Baton Rouge becoming New Richmond 1764 First four Acadian families arrive in Louisiana from New York 1796 Opera is first performed in the United States at New Orleans 1803 Louisiana is purchased from Napoleon I by the United States for $15,000,000 1804 Louisiana is divided into the Territory of New Orleans (south of 33 degrees latitude) and the District of Louisiana (north of 33 degrees latitude). W.C. C. Claiborne is appointed governor of the Territory of Orleans. 1808 First public school is established in Pointe Coupee Parish 1811 First institution of highe

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