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Description:
Beautifully engraved Certificate from the famous Societe Miniere & Fonciere du Bandama issued in 1912. This historic documen has an ornate border around it with a vignettes of miners, and water scenes, including a boat that looks like the African Queen. This item is hand signed and is over 88 years old. It is difficult to tell the first human settlement in Côte d' Ivoire for bones cannot be preserved in the moist climate of the country ; however the discovery of arms and tools scraps prove that in the upper paleolithic age ( -15,000 TO - 10,000 Years ) men were present in a great number. First millennium At that age, metallurgy was created as in the other parts of the world. At the end of the first millennium, the north of Côte d'Ivoire recorded the settlement of the Sénoufos and the Koulangos. Fifth millennium It seemed that the pigmies would arrive in this part of Africa, forced to move by the disapearance of the Sahara forests at that time. In fact many Ivorian beliefs note some short, bearded and clear complexion men as the first masters of the land and living in the trees with their spears and arrows ; which mostly resemble the pigmies still living in East Africa. 15th to 17th century Portuguese were the first to set foot in Côte d'Ivoire during the 15th century. So Sassandra and San Pédro have kept the names of Portuguese seamen. It is at that time also that slave trade begun carried on later by the French during the 17th and 18th centuries. The Slave Trade The slave trade was a plague which devastated Africa for three centuries before it was forbidden in 1848 by the whole Europe. It generated the depopulation of Africa from its best elements carrying out the substantial drop of the demographic rate,but worse still an intense hate between ethnic groups with tribal wars. As a matter of fact, since Europeans were reluctant to venture into the lands, Africans were paid to bring them slaves. Quickly numerous manhunts would be developed between ethnic groups and therefore provoke the migration of the weaks. Experts are still keeping a controversial view on the number of captured slaves. It is estimated between 20 and 100 millions for the whole continent. At the end of the 17th century several Akans from Ghana, the Agnis moved to Côte d'Ivoire in order to escape from the hunters on the one hand, and in search of gold on the other hand. They quickly organized themselves into a kingdom and submitted the new immigrants. The famest character of that time was undoubtedly Amon N'Douffou II, sovereign of the Sanwi the most powerful kingdom which signed a protectorate treaty with the French in 1843. In the reign of Louis XIV, the region of Assinie was governed by an Essouma Prince. The French then entrusted ANIABA, an Assinian Prince, an adoptive child of Niamkey, he himself brother of the king Essouma with missionnaries so as to be educated. In 1681 he would be baptized by BOSSUET as the first coloured officer to serve under the French flag. The last Akans to emigrate in Côte d'Ivoire were the Baoulé meaning "the child is dead". They settled in the middle of the country and extended their influence in the long run. They were first governed by Queen Abla Pokou, then later by her niece Akoua Boni. 18th century In order to satisfy the new needs from the western industrial revolution, the French admiral BOUET met African chiefs of the different tribes in the region and signed many agreements of trade monopoly from 1830. Those agreements were essentially based on gold, ivory, rubber and palm oil trade. Little by little the French were going to settle on the entire coast until they were chased out in 1870. Nevertheless Arthur VERDIER persisted in staying in Côte d'Ivoire, resisting therefore to the English . His boat regularly pillaged by the latters , he decided to grow coffee in the region of Assinie. This decision would be of a paramount importance for the country because coffee and cocoa would later become the income products of Côte d'Ivoire. BINGER was then appointed French Resident to the establishments of Cote d'Ivoire and as such represented France at the local kings'. In 1882 he created the Kong Company which managed a coffee plantation. The agricultural potentials of Côte d'Ivoire and Africa in general is proved. In 1884 France, Great Bretain, Germany and Belgium shared Africa in different spheres of influence, each of those countries being able to profit from Africa freely. From 1887, TREICH-LAPLENE, a clerk of VERDIER proceeded his travel towards the north signing treaties with the Bétés, Agnis and eventually the Abrons in the name of France. He would then arrive in Kong and settle there. From 1887 to 1889, Louis BINGER (1856 - 1926) left Sénégal and travelled 4,000 km to reach Grand Bassam. During his trip he met TREICH-LAPLENE at kong and they arrived at Grand Bassam together. BINGER was the first to link Sénégal to Côte d'Ivoire. During that period, a Guinean warrior SAMORY TOURE arrived in Côte d'Ivoire in search of new territories. He first attacked the Sénoufos, then the Lobis that he captured and sold as slaves. In 1890, Grand Lahou was once again taken possessed by the French and little by little the effective power of France was imposed on the remaining posts still existing. In 1891, SAMORY was at the head of a new empire going from Odiénné to Bouna. In 1892, worrying about what was going on in the north of the country the French decided to send a column commanded by captain MENARD to capture SAMORY. That column would be massacred at Séguéla. In March 10th,1893 the decree founding the colony of Côte d'Ivoir
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Reference#: socminfondub |
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